Local Program Development
Summary
- To develop onchain programs on your machine, you need Solana CLI, Rust and (optional, but recommended) Anchor.
- You can use
anchor init
to create a new blank Anchor project anchor test
runs your tests, and also builds your code.
Lesson
There's no lesson here! Let's install Solana CLI tools, the Rust SDK, and Anchor, and create a test program to ensure that our setup works.
Lab
Extra steps for Windows users
Firstly install Windows Terminal from the Microsoft store.
Then install Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). WSL provides a Linux environment that launches instantly whenever you need it and doesn't slow your computer down.
Start Windows Terminal, launch an 'Ubuntu' session inside the terminal, and proceed with the rest of these steps.
Download Rust
First, download Rust by following the instructions:
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
Download the Solana CLI tools
Next download the Solana CLI tools.
sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.anza.xyz/stable/install)"
Afterwards, solana -V
should show solana-cli 1.18.x
(any number for x
is
fine).
Download Anchor
Finally download Anchor:
cargo install --git https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor avm --locked --force
avm install latest
avm use latest
Afterwards, anchor -V
should show anchor-cli 0.30.0
.
Check your Anchor installation
Create a temporary project, with the default contents, using Anchor and make sure it compiles and runs our tests:
anchor init temp-project
cd temp-project
anchor test
The anchor test
command should complete with no errors or warnings.
However you may encounter issues, and we'll fix them below:
package
solana-program v1.18.12 cannot be built because it requires rustc 1.75.0 or newer
error
Run cargo add solana-program@"=1.18.x"
, where x
matches your version of
solana-cli
. Then re-run anchor test
.
Error: Unable to read keypair file
Add a keypair to .config/solana/id.json
. You can either copy a keypair from an
.env
file (just the array of numbers) into a file or use the command
solana-keygen new --no-bip39-passphrase
to create a new keypair file. Then
re-run anchor test
.
unused variable: 'ctx'
warning
This simply means the initialize
instruction handler isn't doing anything yet.
You can open programs/favorites/src/lib.rs
and change ctx
to _ctx
or just
go onto the next step.
No license field in package.json
warning
Open package.json, add "license": "MIT"
or "license": "UNLICENSED"
depending
on preferences
All done?
Ensure anchor test
completes successfully - with no warnings and no errors -
before continuing.